%PDF-1.4 % 90 0 obj <> endobj 106 0 obj <> endobj 108 0 obj <>stream /Artifact <>BDC q 1 i 14.173 884.409 623.622 -870.236 re 325.98 449.31 m W n 0 898.59 651.96 -898.59 re W n 0 0 0 0 k /GS1 gs 153.068 82.203 447.876 612.284 re f EMC /Artifact <>BDC 51.02 271.315 93.544 322.921 re f EMC /P <>BDC /GS2 gs BT /F1 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 52.0204 580.5216 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 8 0 0 8 52.0204 568.5216 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 8 0 0 8 52.0204 556.5216 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 8 0 0 8 52.0204 467.5216 Tm -.0002 Tc .0002 Tw [(Ar)-13.1(thur Ling)26.9(s eg)-12.2(gs map)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 8 0 0 8 127.8176 467.5216 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 9 0 0 9 595.1479 54.1082 Tm (5)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS1 gs BT 10 0 0 10 92.5672 53.3718 Tm 1 .6 0 .4 k .016 Tc .0242 Tw [(www)47.1(.planning)13.2(inlondon.com Issue 125 )62(A)-9.8(p)0(r)]TJ 43.2146 0 TD .0157 Tc .0245 Tw (il-June 2023 )Tj ET EMC /Artifact <>BDC 1 .6 0 .4 K 0 J 0 j .125 w 10 M [] 0 d q 1 0 0 1 50.024 62.3 cm 0 0 m 549.904 0 l S Q EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 0 0 0 k 153.071 84.188 445.938 510.048 re f EMC /P <>BDC /GS2 gs BT 12 0 0 12 154.0709 557.9478 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0709 543.5478 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [("Sometimes urban ideolo)10(gues come up with the cr)20.1(aziest ideas,)43.3( but someho)19.1(w g)15.2(ain tr)20.1(action )62(T)13.2(h)0(e)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 596.8092 543.5478 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0709 529.1479 Tm -.0347 Tc .0243 Tw [(15-minute city is one suc)-7.9(h" wr)10(ites P)17(aul Cheshir)12.1(e on pag)13.1(e X.)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 428.0489 529.1479 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 165.4093 514.7479 Tm (T)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 171.1475 514.7479 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(he idea that London has e)12.2(v)14.2(olv)14.2(ed fr)10.1(om a bunc)-7.8(h of contiguous villag)13.2(es is w)14.2(ell established and)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 593.1376 514.7479 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0709 500.3479 Tm -.0347 Tc .0243 Tw [(w)25.1(as f)12.1(amousl)14.1(y illustr)20(ated in the 1943 C)24.1(ounty of London Plan 'eg)-12(gs' map b)19(y)-.1( )62(Ar)-13(thur Ling)-29.8(.)43.2( Cities)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 580.6449 500.3479 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0709 485.948 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(w)14.2(ork because of the ag)-11.9(glomer)20.1(ation eff)13.2(ect and,)43.2( as P)17.1(aul Cheshir)12.3(e sa)19.1(ys,)43.3( the)16.2(y ar)12.3(e the gr)12.2(eatest)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 569.2288 485.948 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0709 471.548 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(in)15.2(v)14.2(ention humanity has e)12.2(v)14.2(er come up with in terms of enhancing w)14.2(elf)12.3(ar)12.2(e and living standar)16.2(ds.)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 588.6672 471.548 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 591.4458 471.548 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0709 457.148 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(But he also points out that all the benefits big)-11.9(g)13.2(er cities g)13.2(ener)20.1(ate ar)12.3(e absolutel)14.2(y r)12.2(eliant on)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 564.3341 457.148 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0709 442.7481 Tm -.0346 Tc (access.)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 185.0706 442.7481 Tm 0 Tc ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 187.8495 442.7481 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(F)40.1(arr)12.3(ells)51.1( )62.1(Alankr)10.1(ita )62.1(Amarnath on pag)13.2(e X sa)19.1(ys that cities ar)12.3(e ecosystems that ar)12.3(e made up)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 591.0771 442.7481 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0709 428.3481 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(of inter)16.1(connected netw)14.2(orks and entities,)43.3( and that ther)12.3(e ar)12.2(e v)25.2(a)0(r)10(ious la)19.1(y)14.2(e)0(r)14.2(s)0( within eac)-7.8(h)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 548.0175 428.3481 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0709 413.9481 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(ecosystem:)43.3( "P)15.2(eople constantl)14.2(y inter)20.1(act with these la)19.1(y)14.2(e)0(r)14.2(s)0(,)43.3( and this g)13.2(i)0(v)14.2(es eac)-7.8(h city)47.2(,)43.3( to)19.1(wn,)43.3( and)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 574.4429 413.9481 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0709 399.5482 Tm -.0347 Tc .0243 Tw [(place its o)19(wn unique identity".)43.2( F)40(arr)12.2(ells,)43.2( using GIS,)43.2( ha)14.1(v)14.1(e)-.1( simulated their o)19(wn model of a 15-)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0709 385.1482 Tm [(minute city to under)14.2(stand ho)19.1(w v)25.2(a)0(r)10(ious la)19.1(y)14.2(e)0(r)14.2(s)0( of the city)47.2(,)43.3( lik)15.2(e the access to public tr)20.1(anspor)-12.9(t,)43.3( to)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 585.8746 385.1482 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0709 370.7483 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(f)13.2(ood and open spaces,)43.3( impact and impr)10(o)23.2(v)14.2(e the liv)25.2(ability of a r)12.2(e)0(g)13.2(ion.)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 464.7808 370.7483 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 165.4093 356.3483 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(T)13.2(he k)15.2(e)16.1(y thing her)12.3(e is the idea of a la)19.1(y)14.2(e)0(r)12.3(ed ecosystem.)43.3( But e)12.2(v)14.2(en at the lo)19.1(w)14.2(est le)12.2(v)14.2(el the 15-)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 581.4119 356.3483 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0709 341.9483 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(minute Neighbourhood will onl)14.2(y w)14.2(ork as par)-12.9(t of a thr)10(iving city if access is not too r)12.2(estr)10.1(icted.)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 579.7418 341.9483 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0709 327.5484 Tm -.0347 Tc .0243 Tw [(Lo)19(w tr)20(affic neighbourhoods w)14.1(e)-.1(r)12.2(e)-.1( intr)10(oduced dur)10(ing loc)-7.9(kdo)19(wn w)10(hen ther)12.1(e w)25.1(as no tr)20(affic and)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 578.6526 327.5484 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0709 313.1484 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(v)14.2(ery little consultation.)43.2( Not onl)14.2(y ha)14.2(v)14.2(e)0( man)15.2(y of them r)12.3(emained in place,)43.3( but mor)12.3(e ar)12.3(e being)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 573.9955 313.1484 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0709 298.7484 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(cr)12.3(eated and enf)13.2(or)16.2(ced.)43.3( )62.1(T)73(o)0( w)14.2(ork suc)-7.8(h ar)12.3(eas depend on accessibility and not just f)13.2(or the locals.)43.3( F)45.2(o)0(r)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 592.172 298.7484 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0709 284.3484 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(e)12.2(xample,)43.2( the shops and small businesses on the surr)10.1(ounding main r)10.1(oads need mor)12.3(e than local)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 586.4032 284.3484 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0709 269.9485 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(custom to function and can't surviv)14.2(e if parking in adjacent sidestr)12.2(eets is penalised and)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 550.2274 269.9485 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0709 255.5485 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(cong)13.2(estion o)23.2(v)14.2(erw)10.1(helming)-29.8(.)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 275.3441 255.5485 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 165.4093 241.1486 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(An indication that some of these sc)-7.8(hemes ar)12.3(e not r)12.2(eall)14.2(y about tr)20.1(affic manag)13.2(ement but ar)12.3(e)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 583.3367 241.1486 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0709 226.7486 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(seen b)19.1(y)0( author)10.1(ities as cash-co)19.1(ws is that r)20.1(ather than c)-7.8(har)19.1(g)13.2(e)0(,)43.3( sa)19.1(y 2,)43.3( to enter suc)-7.8(h an ar)12.2(ea fr)10.1(om)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 586.807 226.7486 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0709 212.3487 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(outside if y)14.2(ou ar)12.3(e not a r)12.3(esident,)43.2( y)14.2(ou ar)12.3(e fined outr)20.1(ag)13.2(eous amounts lik)15.2(e 120!)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 512.3942 212.3487 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 165.4093 197.9487 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(Extr)12.2(eme e)12.3(xamples ma)19.1(y not be typical,)43.3( but one suc)-7.8(h is that tr)20.1(affic dr)10.1(iving east along the Ne)12.2(w)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 592.7318 197.9487 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0709 183.5487 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(Kings R)26.2(oad is unable to turn r)10(ight an)15.2(yw)10(her)12.3(e or to g)13.2(et onto )75.2(W)51.1(andsw)14.2(or)-12.9(th Br)10.1(idg)13.2(e but is instr)10.1(ucted)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 593.8453 183.5487 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0709 169.1488 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(to turn ar)10.1(ound and g)13.2(o)0( bac)-7.8(k to Putne)16.1(y Br)10.1(idg)13.2(e.)43.2( Putne)16.2(y Br)10.1(idg)13.2(e of cour)14.2(se,)43.3( is alr)12.2(ead)10.1(y o)23.2(v)14.2(erloaded)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 574.1519 169.1488 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0709 154.7488 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(because of the outr)20.1(ag)13.2(eous neglig)13.2(ence of the maintenance of Hammer)14.2(smith Br)10.1(idg)13.2(e b)19.1(y)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 549.1629 154.7488 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0709 140.3488 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(Hammer)14.2(smith and F)36.2(ulham C)24.2(ouncil and the Ma)19.1(y)14.2(or w)10.1(hic)-7.8(h e)12.3(xtr)20.1(aor)16.2(dinar)10.1(il)14.2(y is still closed.)43.3( )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 550.8051 140.3488 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 165.4093 125.9489 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(T)13.2(his and the )62(T)13.2(hir)16.2(d )75.2(W)53.3(orld condition of London)27.1(s r)10.1(oads ar)12.3(e a sad indication of the deca)19.1(y of our)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 590.8547 125.9489 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0709 111.5489 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(urban infr)20.1(astr)10(uctur)12.3(e but cr)12.3(eating fictional 15-minute cities is as lik)15.2(el)14.2(y to endur)12.2(e as the banning)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 590.1642 111.5489 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0709 97.149 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(of ne)12.2(w v)14.2(ehicles with h)15.2(ybr)10(id and internal combustion eng)13.2(ines.)43.3( )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS1 gs BT /TT4 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 438.6262 97.149 Tm .4 .24 0 .16 k 0 Tc 0 Tw (n)Tj ET EMC /Artifact <>BDC q 1 0 0 1 50.024 62.3 cm 0 0 m 549.904 0 l S Q EMC /Artifact <>BDC 1 w q 1 0 0 1 52.024 833.199 cm 0 0 m 547.924 0 l S Q EMC /P <>BDC BT /F1 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 52.0236 839.3676 Tm 1 .6 0 .4 k (LEADERS)Tj ET EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 0 0 0 k 600.945 61.447 36.855 93.845 re f EMC /P <>BDC BT /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 601.9448 132.2357 Tm 1 .6 0 .4 k ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 9 0 0 9 601.9448 120.2357 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 9 0 0 9 601.9448 108.2357 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 9 0 0 9 601.9448 95.2357 Tm -.0262 Tc (>>>)Tj ET EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 0 0 0 k 51.024 84.188 87.844 354.048 re f EMC /P <>BDC BT /F3 1 Tf 14 0 0 14 52.0236 420.05 Tm .85 0 .35 .35 k 0 Tc ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 14 0 0 14 52.0236 403.05 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 14 0 0 14 52.0236 386.05 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 14 0 0 14 52.0236 369.05 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 14 0 0 14 52.0236 352.05 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 14 0 0 14 52.0236 335.05 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 14 0 0 14 52.0236 318.05 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 14 0 0 14 52.0236 301.05 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 14 0 0 14 52.0236 284.05 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 14 0 0 14 52.0236 267.05 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 14 0 0 14 52.0236 250.05 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 14 0 0 14 52.0236 233.05 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 14 0 0 14 52.0236 216.05 Tm -.0342 Tc .0173 Tw [(Planning in)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 14 0 0 14 109.7129 216.05 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 14 0 0 14 52.0236 199.05 Tm -.0342 Tc (London)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /F1 1 Tf 14 0 0 14 91.4128 199.05 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [( has)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 14 0 0 14 112.9678 199.05 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 14 0 0 14 52.0236 182.05 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw (been published)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 14 0 0 14 133.0313 182.05 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 14 0 0 14 52.0236 165.05 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(and edited b)19.1(y)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 14 0 0 14 125.4124 165.05 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 14 0 0 14 52.0236 148.05 Tm -.0346 Tc -.051 Tw [(Br)10.1(ian W)51.1(ater)14.2(s,)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 14 0 0 14 122.0836 148.05 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 14 0 0 14 52.0236 131.05 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw (Lee Mallett and)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 14 0 0 14 135.3491 131.05 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 14 0 0 14 52.0236 114.05 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(P)17.1(aul F)20.1(inc)-7.8(h )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 14 0 0 14 109.2148 114.05 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 14 0 0 14 52.0236 97.05 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw (since 1992)Tj ET EMC /Figure <>BDC Q q 1 i 406.226 806.06 m 406.226 806.06 208 -83 re W* n 14.173 884.409 623.622 -870.236 re -1163.378 907.236 m W n 0 898.59 651.96 -898.59 re W n /GS3 gs q 207.36 0 0 82.56 406.226 723.5 cm /Im2 Do Q EMC /P <>BDC Q q 1 i 14.173 884.409 623.622 -870.236 re -1163.378 907.236 m W n 0 898.59 651.96 -898.59 re W n /GS1 gs BT /F4 1 Tf 22 0 0 22 412.0224 784.7917 Tm .004 .969 .988 0 k 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 22 0 0 22 464.8431 758.3919 Tm (LEADERS)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS2 gs BT /F1 1 Tf 43 0 0 43 154.1109 670.4694 Tm 0 0 0 1 k -.0325 Tc (15-minute)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 43 0 0 43 331.015 670.4694 Tm 0 Tc ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 43 0 0 43 154.1109 625.4694 Tm -.032 Tc (neighbourhoods )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 43 0 0 43 433.4613 625.4694 Tm 0 Tc ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 43 0 0 43 154.1109 580.4694 Tm -.032 Tc .0242 Tw [(ma)19(ybe but cities no!)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 43 0 0 43 523.6635 580.4694 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 0 0 0 k /GS1 gs 51.024 478.352 93.54 71.569 re f EMC /Figure <>BDC Q /GS1 gs q 93.595 0 0 68.04 51.022 480.116 cm /Im3 Do Q EMC /Cs9 cs 0 scn 27.346 885.582 256.176 13.008 re f BT /TT2 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 31.346 889.5818 Tm 1 scn 0 Tc 0 Tw (pil125 APRIL-JUNE 2023.qxp_pil pp15-18 10/04/2023 13:30 Page 5)Tj ET /Cs9 CS 0 SCN 0 J 0 j .65 w 10 M [] 0 d 1 i q 1 0 0 1 28.346 884.409 cm 0 0 m 0 14.173 l S 1 0 0 1 -14.173 -14.173 cm 0 0 m -14.173 0 l S 1 0 0 1 609.449 14.173 cm 0 0 m 0 14.173 l S 1 0 0 1 14.173 -14.173 cm 0 0 m 14.173 0 l S 1 0 0 1 -609.449 -856.063 cm 0 0 m 0 -14.173 l S 1 0 0 1 -14.173 14.173 cm 0 0 m -14.173 0 l S 1 0 0 1 609.449 -14.173 cm 0 0 m 0 -14.173 l S 1 0 0 1 14.173 14.173 cm 0 0 m 14.173 0 l S Q 1 SCN .25 w q 1 0 0 1 28.346 884.409 cm 0 0 m 0 14.173 l S 1 0 0 1 -14.173 -14.173 cm 0 0 m -14.173 0 l S 1 0 0 1 609.449 14.173 cm 0 0 m 0 14.173 l S 1 0 0 1 14.173 -14.173 cm 0 0 m 14.173 0 l S 1 0 0 1 -609.449 -856.063 cm 0 0 m 0 -14.173 l S 1 0 0 1 -14.173 14.173 cm 0 0 m -14.173 0 l S 1 0 0 1 609.449 -14.173 cm 0 0 m 0 -14.173 l S 1 0 0 1 14.173 14.173 cm 0 0 m 14.173 0 l S Q 0 SCN .65 w q 1 0 0 1 311.984 891.409 cm 0 0 m 28 0 l S 1 0 0 1 14 7 cm 0 0 m 0 -14 l S Q q 1 0 0 1 330.984 891.409 cm 0 0 m 0 -2.7615 -2.2386 -5 -5 -5 c -7.7614 -5 -10 -2.7615 -10 0 c -10 2.7614 -7.7614 5 -5 5 c -2.2386 5 0 2.7614 0 0 c s Q 0 scn q 1 0 0 1 329.184 891.409 cm 0 0 m 0 -1.7673 -1.4327 -3.2001 -3.2 -3.2001 c -4.9673 -3.2001 -6.4 -1.7673 -6.4 0 c -6.4 1.7673 -4.9673 3.2 -3.2 3.2 c -1.4327 3.2 0 1.7673 0 0 c f Q 1 SCN .25 w q 1 0 0 1 311.984 891.409 cm 0 0 m 28 0 l S 1 0 0 1 14 7 cm 0 0 m 0 -14 l S 1 0 0 1 5 -7 cm 0 0 m 0 -2.7615 -2.2386 -5 -5 -5 c -7.7614 -5 -10 -2.7615 -10 0 c -10 2.7614 -7.7614 5 -5 5 c -2.2386 5 0 2.7614 0 0 c s Q 1 scn q 1 0 0 1 328.984 891.409 cm 0 0 m 0 -1.6569 -1.3432 -3 -3 -3 c -4.6569 -3 -6 -1.6569 -6 0 c -6 1.6569 -4.6569 3 -3 3 c -1.3432 3 0 1.6569 0 0 c f Q 0 SCN .25 w q 1 0 0 1 328.176 893.601 cm 0 0 m -4.3841 -4.384 l S 1 0 0 1 -4.3841 0 cm 0 0 m 4.3841 -4.384 l S Q .65 w q 1 0 0 1 311.984 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.0242 Tw [(homes)51.1( per per)14.2(son that most other Eur)10.1(opean countr)10.1(ies since 1947,)43.3( accor)16.2(ding to its latest)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 563.1488 288.3672 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0702 273.9674 Tm -.0347 Tc .0243 Tw [(r)12.1(esear)16(c)-7.9(h)-.1( paper)38(.)43.2( )62(T)13.1(he r)12.2(esear)16.1(c)-7.9(h)-.1( is based on ne)12.2(w UN statistics and author)12.1(ed b)19(y)-.1( Samuel )75.2(W)51(atling)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 575.3619 273.9674 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0702 259.5674 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(and )62.1(Anthon)15.2(y Br)12.3(eac)-7.8(h \(see pag)13.2(e 15 on\).)43.3( F)36.2(u)0(r)-12.9(thermor)12.2(e,)43.3( it w)25.2(as the adv)14.2(ent of )62.1(T)13.2(he 1947 )62(T)73(o)19.1(wn &)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 569.6326 259.5674 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0702 245.1673 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(C)24.2(ountry Planning )62.1(A)29.1(ct,)43.2( not 1980 and the arr)10.1(iv)25.2(al of Mr)14.2(s )62.1(T)13.2(hatc)-7.8(her)38.1(,)43.3( w)10.1(hen our diminishing)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 546.5845 245.1673 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0702 230.7675 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(perf)13.2(ormance beg)15.2(an.)43.3( )75.2(W)51.1(e)0( ha)14.2(v)14.2(e)0( built up)18.1(,)43.2( or r)20.1(ather not built up)18.1(,)43.3( )54.2(a bac)-7.8(klo)10.1(g of 4.3m homes)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 548.6744 230.7675 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0702 216.3675 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(missing fr)10.1(om the national housing mark)15.2(et,)43.2( measur)12.3(ed on a r)20.1(atio of ne)12.3(w homes to population.)43.3( )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 585.3971 216.3675 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 165.4088 201.9676 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(It will r)12.3(equir)12.3(e 442,000 ne)12.3(w homes a y)14.2(ear)38.1(,)43.2( the C)34.2(entr)12.3(e f)13.2(or Cities)51.1( anal)14.2(ysis sug)-11.9(g)13.2(ests,)43.3( r)20.1(ather)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 566.9894 201.9676 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0702 187.5676 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(mor)12.2(e than the r)12.3(ecent tar)19.1(g)13.2(et of 300,000,)43.2( to close our bac)-7.8(klo)10.1(g with that of the a)14.2(v)14.2(e)0(r)20.1(a)0(g)13.2(e)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 547.2882 187.5676 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0702 173.1676 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(Eur)10(opean country o)23.2(v)14.2(er the ne)12.2(xt 25 y)14.2(ear)14.2(s.)43.2( Stic)-7.8(k that in y)14.2(our Bill Mr Go)23.2(v)14.2(e)0(.)43.3( )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 489.2487 173.1676 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 165.4088 158.7677 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(W)15.2(ith the possible e)12.2(xception of making amelior)20.1(ating climate c)-7.8(hang)13.2(e a cor)12.3(e planning)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 550.2313 158.7677 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0702 144.3677 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(consider)20.1(ation,)43.2( nothing is mor)12.2(e impor)-12.9(tant than figur)10.1(ing out ho)19.1(w to g)13.2(et the aff)13.2(o)0(r)16.2(dable homes)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 578.6174 144.3677 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0702 129.9676 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(w)14.2(e)0( need.)43.2( It will not be ac)-7.8(hie)12.3(v)14.2(ed b)19.1(y)0( policies that ignor)12.2(e causes of the f)12.3(ailur)12.2(es of past decades.)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 579.486 129.9676 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0702 115.5677 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(It)27.1(s not the mark)15.2(et that)27.1(s br)10(ok)15.2(en.)43.3( It)27.1(s the r)10.1(ules and the political shibboleths on both sides.)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 562.2138 115.5677 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0702 101.1678 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(T)13.2(hose that tax de)12.3(v)14.2(elopment too hea)14.2(vil)14.2(y)47.2(,)43.3( too uncer)-12.9(tainl)14.2(y)47.2(,)43.3( too r)12.3(estr)10(ictiv)14.2(el)14.2(y)47.2(,)43.3( and those that)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 561.186 101.1678 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 12 0 0 12 154.0702 86.7678 Tm -.0346 Tc .0242 Tw [(obstr)10.1(uct the public and pr)10.1(iv)25.2(ate sector fr)10(om w)14.2(orking to)10.1(g)13.2(ether to deliv)14.2(er homes.)43.3( )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS1 gs BT /TT4 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 518.835 86.7678 Tm .4 .24 0 .16 k 0 Tc 0 Tw (n)Tj ET EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 0 0 0 k 14.16 774.236 4.3989 32.287 re f EMC /P <>BDC BT /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 17.5594 798.2358 Tm 1 .6 0 .4 k ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC /GS2 gs BT /F1 1 Tf 43 0 0 43 153.7197 764.0112 Tm 0 0 0 1 k -.032 Tc .0242 Tw [(London is no)19(w an)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 43 0 0 43 445.6429 764.0112 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 43 0 0 43 153.7197 719.0112 Tm -.032 Tc .0242 Tw [(inher)10(itocr)20(acy)51( w)10(her)12.2(e )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 43 0 0 43 508.7554 719.0112 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 43 0 0 43 153.7197 674.0113 Tm -.032 Tc .0242 Tw [(onl)14.1(y r)10(i)0(c)-7.8(h)0( y)14.1(oung people)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 43 0 0 43 532.9614 674.0113 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 43 0 0 43 153.7197 629.0113 Tm -.032 Tc .0242 Tw (can buy a home)Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 43 0 0 43 420.0575 629.0113 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw ( )Tj ET EMC /Artifact <>BDC 0 0 0 0 k /GS1 gs 51.023 82.205 93.537 51.473 re f EMC /P <>BDC /GS2 gs BT 7 0 0 7 52.0229 127.0843 Tm 0 0 0 1 k ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 7 0 0 7 52.0229 118.6844 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 7 0 0 7 52.0229 110.2844 Tm ( )Tj ET EMC /P <>BDC BT 7 0 0 7 52.0229 101.8844 Tm -.027 Tc -.0216 Tw [(IMAGE: fr)9.7(om)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /F3 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 86.7921 101.8844 Tm -.0263 Tc -.0301 Tw [( T)22.3(he )-30.1(Spectator)]TJ ET EMC Q /Cs9 cs 0 scn /GS1 gs 27.346 885.582 256.176 13.008 re f BT /TT2 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 31.346 889.5818 Tm 1 scn 0 Tc 0 Tw (pil125 APRIL-JUNE 2023.qxp_pil pp15-18 10/04/2023 13:30 Page 6)Tj ET /Cs9 CS 0 SCN 0 J 0 j .65 w 10 M [] 0 d 1 i q 1 0 0 1 28.346 884.409 cm 0 0 m 0 14.173 l S 1 0 0 1 -14.173 -14.173 cm 0 0 m -14.173 0 l S 1 0 0 1 609.449 14.173 cm 0 0 m 0 14.173 l S 1 0 0 1 14.173 -14.173 cm 0 0 m 14.173 0 l S 1 0 0 1 -609.449 -856.063 cm 0 0 m 0 -14.173 l S 1 0 0 1 -14.173 14.173 cm 0 0 m -14.173 0 l S 1 0 0 1 609.449 -14.173 cm 0 0 m 0 -14.173 l S 1 0 0 1 14.173 14.173 cm 0 0 m 14.173 0 l S Q 1 SCN .25 w q 1 0 0 1 28.346 884.409 cm 0 0 m 0 14.173 l S 1 0 0 1 -14.173 -14.173 cm 0 0 m -14.173 0 l S 1 0 0 1 609.449 14.173 cm 0 0 m 0 14.173 l S 1 0 0 1 14.173 -14.173 cm 0 0 m 14.173 0 l S 1 0 0 1 -609.449 -856.063 cm 0 0 m 0 -14.173 l S 1 0 0 1 -14.173 14.173 cm 0 0 m -14.173 0 l S 1 0 0 1 609.449 -14.173 cm 0 0 m 0 -14.173 l S 1 0 0 1 14.173 14.173 cm 0 0 m 14.173 0 l S Q 0 SCN .65 w q 1 0 0 1 311.984 891.409 cm 0 0 m 28 0 l S 1 0 0 1 14 7 cm 0 0 m 0 -14 l S Q q 1 0 0 1 330.984 891.409 cm 0 0 m 0 -2.7615 -2.2386 -5 -5 -5 c -7.7614 -5 -10 -2.7615 -10 0 c -10 2.7614 -7.7614 5 -5 5 c -2.2386 5 0 2.7614 0 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